{"id":24329,"date":"2023-08-30T02:58:06","date_gmt":"2023-08-30T06:58:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aky.pbv.mybluehost.me\/onion-futures\/"},"modified":"2023-10-01T15:14:13","modified_gmt":"2023-10-01T19:14:13","slug":"contrats-a-terme-sur-les-oignons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aky.pbv.mybluehost.me\/fr\/contrats-a-terme-sur-les-oignons\/","title":{"rendered":"Manipulation des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons : l’affaire Vincent Kosuga"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Diverses affaires ont eu un impact sur la confiance des investisseurs et sur la r\u00e9glementation du march\u00e9 en ce qui concerne le trading des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res tout au long de l’histoire. Un exemple int\u00e9ressant, l’incident de manipulation des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons, impliquait Vincent Kosuga, le roi de l’oignon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kosuga a mis en place un syst\u00e8me de manipulation qui a eu un impact sur le march\u00e9 des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons dans les ann\u00e9es 1950. Cet article d\u00e9crit en d\u00e9tail ce qui s’est pass\u00e9 et son influence sur le trading des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Le contexte du march\u00e9 des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le trading de contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons a d\u00e9but\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1940 sur le Chicago Mercantile Exchange<\/a>. Leur lancement visait \u00e0 remplacer les revenus perdus sur les contrats \u00e0 terme sur le beurre dans les ann\u00e9es 1930 en raison de l’\u00e9mergence des subventions f\u00e9d\u00e9rales sur les produits laitiers. Les contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons sont devenus le produit le plus trad\u00e9 sur le CME au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1950 et, en 1955, ils repr\u00e9sentaient 20 % du volume de la bourse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vous pourriez aussi appr\u00e9cier <\/strong>: Trader les contrats \u00e0 terme E-Mini Nasdaq<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vincent Kosuga : le roi de l\u2019oignon \u00e0 Chicago<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vincent Kosuga \u00e9tait un agriculteur new-yorkais qui poss\u00e9dait une ferme de 5 000 acres o\u00f9 il cultivait des oignons et d’autres l\u00e9gumes. Tout d’abord, Kosuga s’est impliqu\u00e9 sur les march\u00e9s des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res en tradant du bl\u00e9, mais il a perdu tout son capital. Il a promis \u00e0 sa femme de ne plus trader, mais s\u2019est lanc\u00e9 dans le trading de ce qu’il conna\u00eessait : les oignons. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l’\u00e9poque, les oignons \u00e9taient la mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re la plus trad\u00e9e sur le Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Cela s’explique par le fait que les oignons ont une capacit\u00e9 de stockage limit\u00e9e et que leur prix fluctue donc davantage que celui de la plupart des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res. Une plus grande volatilit\u00e9 signifiait un plus grand potentiel de b\u00e9n\u00e9fices. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kosuga \u00e9tait ami avec Sam Siegel, qui tradait \u00e9galement des oignons et poss\u00e9dait une entreprise de fruits et l\u00e9gumes. Ils pensaient qu’en unissant leurs forces, ils pourraient monopoliser le march\u00e9 des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La manipulation du march\u00e9 des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l’automne 1955, Kosuga et Siegel d\u00e9tenaient 98 % des oignons \u00e0 Chicago, mena\u00e7ant ainsi d’autres concurrents potentiels. Lorsque les prix ont augment\u00e9, Vincent et Sam ont pris des positions courtes sur de nombreux contrats sur les oignons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les oignons \u00e9taient envoy\u00e9s en dehors de Chicago pour \u00eatre nettoy\u00e9s et reconditionn\u00e9s afin d’\u00e9viter qu’ils ne s’ab\u00eement. Lorsque les vastes cargaisons revenaient \u00e0 Chicago, cela donnait aux traders la fausse impression d’une offre suppl\u00e9mentaire, ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 une baisse artificielle des prix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vers la fin de la saison agricole, en mars 1956, ils ont inond\u00e9 le march\u00e9 d’oignons, ce qui a plong\u00e9 les agriculteurs dans une grande d\u00e9tresse. Les prix ont chut\u00e9 de 2,75 $ \u00e0 10 cents par sac de 50 livres. Sam et Vincent ont r\u00e9alis\u00e9 d’\u00e9normes b\u00e9n\u00e9fices sur leurs ventes \u00e0 d\u00e9couvert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette manipulation de trading a perturb\u00e9 non seulement le march\u00e9 de l’oignon, mais aussi l’ensemble du march\u00e9 des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res et l’agro\u00e9conomie locale. Au final, le gouvernement, tenant compte des demandes des producteurs d’oignons, a interdit \u00e0 Kosuga de pratiquer le trading de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019enqu\u00eate et les combats juridiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kosuga et Siegel ont \u00e9t\u00e9 traduits devant la Commodity Futures Trading Commission<\/a>. Le statut de Kosuga en tant qu\u2019agent de parquet a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9voqu\u00e9 et tous les march\u00e9s de contrats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mandat\u00e9s pour lui refuser les privil\u00e8ges de trading pendant dix mois.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La loi sur les contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons de 1958<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L’affaire des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons de Vincent Kosuga a incit\u00e9 le gouvernement \u00e0 adopter la loi sur les contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons, malgr\u00e9 les protestations des traders. Cette loi stipule que :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c(a) aucun contrat de vente d’oignons pour livraison future ne peut \u00eatre conclu ou soumis aux r\u00e8gles d’une chambre de commerce aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Les termes utilis\u00e9s dans la pr\u00e9sente loi ont la m\u00eame signification que dans le Commodity Exchange Act. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(b) Toute personne qui enfreint les dispositions du pr\u00e9sent article est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme coupable d’un d\u00e9lit et est passible, en cas de condamnation, d’une amende n’exc\u00e9dant pas 5 000 $.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SEC.2. Cette loi prendra effet trente jours apr\u00e8s sa mise en place.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 ce jour, il est ill\u00e9gal de trader des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me de manipulation de Vincent Kosuga a eu un impact sur les contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons, ce qui a conduit le gouvernement \u00e0 adopter la loi de 1958 sur les contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons (Onion Futures Act). Cet incident d\u00e9montre l’importance de la r\u00e9gulation du march\u00e9 et les cons\u00e9quences que peuvent avoir des traders individuels d\u00e9termin\u00e9s \u00e0 manipuler le march\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Diverses affaires ont eu un impact sur la confiance des investisseurs et sur la r\u00e9glementation du march\u00e9 en ce qui concerne le trading des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res tout au long de l’histoire. Un exemple int\u00e9ressant, l’incident de manipulation des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons, impliquait Vincent Kosuga, le roi de l’oignon. Kosuga a mis en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":24331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12387],"tags":[12435],"class_list":["post-24329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anecdotes","tag-onion-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nManipulation des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons : l'affaire Vincent Kosuga<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Exploration de la manipulation des contrats \u00e0 terme sur les oignons. 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