{"id":24570,"date":"2023-08-14T06:01:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T10:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aky.pbv.mybluehost.me\/volcker-rule\/"},"modified":"2023-09-12T16:44:23","modified_gmt":"2023-09-12T20:44:23","slug":"regle-de-volcker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aky.pbv.mybluehost.me\/fr\/regle-de-volcker\/","title":{"rendered":"La r\u00e8gle Volcker et les r\u00e9formes bancaires apr\u00e8s la crise"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La r\u00e8gle Volcker interdit aux banques d’effectuer du prop trading et de d\u00e9tenir, de parrainer ou d’avoir un lien sp\u00e9cifique avec des fonds de capital-investissement ou des fonds sp\u00e9culatifs. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La crise des pr\u00eats hypoth\u00e9caires \u00e0 risque de 2007-2008 a profond\u00e9ment influenc\u00e9 les \u00c9tats-Unis et le reste du monde. Elle a entra\u00een\u00e9 diverses cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9gatives, notamment un march\u00e9 du logement rempli de saisies, une baisse de la valeur des biens immobiliers, des banques paralys\u00e9es, le plan de sauvetage TARP, une hausse du ch\u00f4mage, un toll\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et une \u00e9conomie d\u00e9prim\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En plus de l’impact d\u00e9vastateur initial, il a fallu des ann\u00e9es d\u2019efforts et de r\u00e9formes pour stabiliser le secteur financier. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’une des r\u00e9formes les plus importantes a \u00e9t\u00e9 la r\u00e8gle dite Volcker. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet article examine l’origine de la r\u00e8gle Volcker, ses dispositions, son impact et les controverses qui l’entourent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Comprendre la r\u00e8gle Volcker<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Selon les estimations du Fonds mon\u00e9taire international, les pertes mondiales totales li\u00e9es \u00e0 la crise des subprimes s’\u00e9levaient \u00e0 4 000 milliards de dollars<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour garantir que cela ne se reproduise plus, la loi Dodd-Frank sur la r\u00e9forme de Wall Street et la protection des consommateurs<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e et adopt\u00e9e en juillet 2010 par l’administration Obama. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voici l’intitul\u00e9 complet de la loi :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLoi visant \u00e0 promouvoir la stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re des \u00c9tats-Unis en am\u00e9liorant la responsabilit\u00e9 et la transparence dans le syst\u00e8me financier, \u00e0 mettre fin au concept de \u201ctoo big to fail\u201d, \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger le contribuable am\u00e9ricain en mettant fin aux renflouements, \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les consommateurs contre les pratiques abusives en mati\u00e8re de services financiers, et \u00e0 d’autres fins\u201d.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle porte le nom de l’ancien pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9serve f\u00e9d\u00e9rale, Paul Volcker. Il a propos\u00e9 cette r\u00e8gle pour restreindre les activit\u00e9s sp\u00e9culatives de trading des banques am\u00e9ricaines, qui s’av\u00e9raient pr\u00e9judiciables aux consommateurs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mettre en \u0153uvre la r\u00e8gle Volcker<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pour aider \u00e0 sortir de la r\u00e9cession, le pr\u00e9sident Obama a cr\u00e9\u00e9 le President’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board. Il s’agissait d’un groupe d’experts pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 par Paul Volcker. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Volcker a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9serve f\u00e9d\u00e9rale<\/a> sous Carter et Reagan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il restera dans l’histoire comme celui qui a fait en sorte que les banques ne puissent plus sp\u00e9culer avec l’argent de leurs clients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Volcker a constat\u00e9 que le fait d’autoriser les banques \u00e0 agir de la sorte avait constitu\u00e9 un facteur important de la crise. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un changement aussi radical s’est bien s\u00fbr heurt\u00e9 \u00e0 de nombreuses r\u00e9sistances. Les banques ne voulaient pas que ces r\u00e8gles puissent potentiellement \u00e9touffer leurs b\u00e9n\u00e9fices. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Certains l\u00e9gislateurs ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 en affaiblir l’application, invoquant souvent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de pr\u00e9server les bons aspects de ces banques qui se livrent \u00e0 du prop trading. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir consult\u00e9 le premier projet de loi, Volcker lui-m\u00eame a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cJe r\u00e9digerais un projet de loi beaucoup plus simple. J’aimerais voir un projet de loi de quatre pages interdisant le prop trading et rendant le conseil d’administration et le directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral responsables du respect des r\u00e8gles. Et j’aurais des r\u00e9gulateurs forts. Si les banques ne respectent pas l’esprit du projet de loi, ils les poursuivront\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En fin de compte, la version finale de la r\u00e8gle Volcker a \u00e9t\u00e9 quelque peu assouplie. Les banques \u00e9taient toujours autoris\u00e9es \u00e0 investir dans des fonds de capital-investissement et des fonds sp\u00e9culatifs, mais avec seulement 3 % de leurs fonds propres de niveau 1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elles avaient aussi le droit d\u2019investir dans les bons du Tr\u00e9sor. Toute autre forme de prop trading \u00e9tait interdite. Le syst\u00e8me bancaire am\u00e9ricain \u00e9tait ainsi moins susceptible d’\u00eatre d\u00e9stabilis\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les critiques de la r\u00e8gle Volcker ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Voici certaines des critiques de la r\u00e8gle Volcker : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une liquidit\u00e9 r\u00e9duite <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L’une des critiques de la r\u00e8gle Volcker est qu’elle a tendance \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la liquidit\u00e9 en raison d’une diminution des activit\u00e9s de tenue de march\u00e9 des banques. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une r\u00e9glementation complexe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En raison des exigences strictes en mati\u00e8re de donn\u00e9es, d’agr\u00e9gation, de collecte et de d\u00e9claration, la r\u00e8gle Volcker a \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9e complexe et difficile pour les banques. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un manque d\u2019aspect pratique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La r\u00e8gle Volcker a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 critiqu\u00e9e pour ses exigences tr\u00e8s larges, qui pourraient par cons\u00e9quent mener \u00e0 des erreurs dans l’\u00e9laboration et l’application d’un programme de conformit\u00e9 conforme \u00e0 la r\u00e8gle. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment la r\u00e8gle Volcker r\u00e9duit-elle la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une autre crise financi\u00e8re ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L’objectif principal de la r\u00e8gle Volcker est de prot\u00e9ger les clients des banques en leur interdisant certains investissements sp\u00e9culatifs qui ont jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le dans la crise financi\u00e8re de 2007-2008. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette r\u00e8gle, les banques n’ont pas besoin de r\u00e9server un montant important de liquidit\u00e9s pour les transactions sur les d\u00e9riv\u00e9s entre les diff\u00e9rentes unit\u00e9s d’une m\u00eame institution. En revanche, les banques disposent toujours d’une part importante de leur capital qui ne sera pas utilis\u00e9e pour des investissements sp\u00e9culatifs, ce qui leur permettra de conserver des liquidit\u00e9s suffisantes pour \u00e9viter les tensions potentielles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vous pourriez aussi appr\u00e9cier : Rumeurs d\u2019une fusion des banques<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Point cl\u00e9 : la r\u00e8gle Volcker, un moyen de limiter les pratiques bancaires risqu\u00e9es et de prot\u00e9ger les consommateurs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La r\u00e8gle Volcker \u00e9tait une r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la crise financi\u00e8re mondiale de 2007-2008. Elle visait \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger le syst\u00e8me financier des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s en limitant le prop trading \u00e0 court terme et les liens entre les banques et les fonds de capital-investissement ou les fonds sp\u00e9culatifs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que la r\u00e8gle ait \u00e9t\u00e9 critiqu\u00e9e pour sa trop grande complexit\u00e9 et son manque de liquidit\u00e9, sa mise en \u0153uvre a constitu\u00e9 une \u00e9tape importante dans la promotion de la responsabilit\u00e9, de la transparence et de la protection des consommateurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 elle, le syst\u00e8me bancaire am\u00e9ricain est d\u00e9sormais mieux \u00e9quip\u00e9 pour emp\u00eacher une nouvelle crise et prot\u00e9ger les fonds des consommateurs. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La r\u00e8gle Volcker interdit aux banques d’effectuer du prop trading et de d\u00e9tenir, de parrainer ou d’avoir un lien sp\u00e9cifique avec des fonds de capital-investissement ou des fonds sp\u00e9culatifs. La crise des pr\u00eats hypoth\u00e9caires \u00e0 risque de 2007-2008 a profond\u00e9ment influenc\u00e9 les \u00c9tats-Unis et le reste du monde. Elle a entra\u00een\u00e9 diverses cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9gatives, notamment […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":24571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12387],"tags":[12458,12410],"class_list":["post-24570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anecdotes","tag-banking-fr","tag-stock-exchange-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nLa r\u00e8gle Volcker et les r\u00e9formes bancaires apr\u00e8s la crise<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00e9couvrez l'impact de la r\u00e8gle Volcker sur les pratiques des banques apr\u00e8s la crise. 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